Copyright © 2008 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
Regular Section -- Papers -- Wireless Communication Technologies |
IP Packet Loss Prevention Scheme with Bicast and Forwarding for Handover in Mobile Communications
1 The authors are with the Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama-shi, 223-8522 Japan. E-mail: saito{at}nkgw.ics.keio.ac.jp, 2 The author is with the Radio Access Network Development Department, NTT DoCoMo, Inc., Yokosuka-shi, 239-8536 Japan. E-mail: morimotoa{at}nttdocomo.com
This paper proposes a scheme for hard handover (HO) between base stations (BSs) that combines bicast with forwarding; it realizes packet-lossless HO as well as low HO control delay. The proposed scheme observes the status of the current channel condition and initiates bicasting, the simultaneous transfer of IP packets from the access router to both the old BS and the new BS, when the probability of HO becomes high; this reduces the control delay imposed by hard HO. When HO becomes unavoidable, only those IP packets remaining in the old BS buffer that are not shared with the new BS are forwarded to the MS; this prevents the loss of IP packets. Computer simulations show that the proposed scheme reduces the HO control delay at 95% cumulative distribution function (CDF) by approximately 1700 (300) msec, 340 (320) msec, and 170 (330) msec compared to the conventional forwarding scheme (the conventional bicast scheme) when the number of users is 80 and the maximum Doppler frequency (fdmax) is 5.55 Hz and data rate (D) on the wired propagation channel is 10, 50, and 100 Mbps, respectively. The results confirm the superiority of the proposed scheme as an IP packet loss prevention scheme for hard HO.
Key Words: hard handover, bicast, forwarding, IP packet
Manuscript received March 28, 2006. Manuscript revised March 17, 2007.
Reference
[1] S. Ulukus and G.P. Pollini, "Handover delay in cellular wireless systems," IEEE ICC 1998, vol.3, pp.1370–1374, June 1998. [2] H. Matsuoka, T. Yoshimura, and T. Ohya, "A robust method for soft IP handover," IEEE Internet Comput., vol.7, pp.18–24, March/April 2003. [3] Q.Y. Xie, H.M. Nguyen, P. Tan, and W.K.G. Seah, "Handover supporting QoS in MPLS-based hierarchical mobile IPv6 networks," IEEE VTC 2003 Fall, vol.5, pp.3523–3526, Oct. 2003. [4] F. Belghoul, Y. Moret, and C. Bonnet, "Performance comparison and analysis on MIPv6, fast MIPv6 bi-casting and eurecom IPv6 soft handover over IEEE802.11b WLANs," IEEE VTC 2004 Spring, vol.5, pp.2672–2676, May 2004. [5] P.R. Calhoun, T. Hiller, J. Kempf, P.J. Macann, C. Pairla, S. Thalanaly, and A. Singh, "Foreign agent assisted hand-off," Internet draft, draft-calhoun-mobileip-proactive-fa-03, work in progress, Nov. 2000. [6] N. Montavont and T. Noel, "Handover management for mobile nodes in IPv6 networks," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol.40, pp.38–43, Aug. 2002. [7] F. Teraoka, "Node mobility protocols in the Internet," IEICE Trans. Inf. & Syst. (Japanese Edition), vol.J87-D-I, no.3, pp.308–328, March 2004. [8] Y. Matsushita, T. Matsuda, and M. Yamamoto, "Network supported bandwidth control for TCP in hierarchical mobile Internet," IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.E88-B, no.1, pp.266–273, Jan. 2005. [9] S. Isobe, A. Iwasaki, K. Igarashi, and M. Yabusaki, "Handover with proactive anchor router relocation and data buffering," IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.E87-B, no.5, pp.1193–1201, May 2004. [10] T. Takahashi, K. Asatani, J. Harju, and H. Tominaga, "Proactive handover scheme based on forwarding router discovery for mobile IP networks," IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.E88-B, no.7, pp.2718–2725, July 2005. [11] S. Park, Y. Song, and D. Cho, "Performance improvements of mobile data protocol in wire and wireless interworking environments," IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.E82-B, no.7, pp.1077–1083, July 1999. [12] A.E. Yegin, C.E. Perkins, G. Dommety, K. EI-Malki, and M. Khalil, "Fast handovers for mobile IPv6," Internet draft, draft-ietf-mobileip-fast-mipv6-04, work in progress, March 2002. [13] 3GPP, TR25-814 (V1.0.2), "Physical layer aspects for evolved UTRA," Jan. 2006. [14] 3GPP, TS 45.005 V5.4.0, "Radio transmission and reception," June 2002. [15] A. Jalali, R. Padovani, and R. Pankaj, "Data throughput of CDMA-HDR a high efficiency-high data rate personal communication wireless system," Proc. IEEE VTC2000-Spring, pp.1854–1858, May 2000. [16] D. Chase, "Code combining — A maximum-likelihood decoding approach for combining an arbitrary number of noisy packets," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.33, no.5, pp.385–393, May 1985. [17] 3GPP, TR25.848, "Physical layer aspects of UTRA high speed downlink packet access."
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This Article 
Abstract
Full Text (PDF)
Alert me when this article is cited
Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Email this article to a friend
Similar articles in this journal
Alert me to new issues of the journal
Add to My Personal Archive
Download to citation manager
Request Permissions
Google Scholar
Articles by SAITO, M.
Articles by NAKAGAWA, M.
Social Bookmarking
What's this?